In international cases, the principle of Res Judicata is applied to prevent the same dispute from being re-litigated across different jurisdictions, but its enforcement can be complex. Courts often rely on the concept of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, which means a decision given by a competent court in one country may be accepted as final in another, provided certain conditions—such as jurisdiction, fairness, and compliance with local public policy—are satisfied. The challenges arise because each country has its own legal framework, and differences in laws, judicial standards, and procedural rules can make it difficult to uniformly apply Res Judicata. Additionally, issues like sovereignty, conflicting judgments, and varying interpretations of “finality” further complicate cross-border disputes. Despite these challenges, the doctrine remains essential in international law to promote stability, consistency, and avoidance of forum shopping.
