Judges, while applying the principle of Res Judicata, should follow a balanced set of guidelines that preserve both judicial efficiency and fairness to the parties. First, they must ensure that the earlier case was decided by a competent court on merits, and not dismissed on technical or procedural grounds. Second, they should verify that the issues, parties, and subject matter are substantially identical in both cases, avoiding mechanical application where differences exist. Judges must also carefully distinguish between cases where new rights, fresh causes of action, or changed circumstances justify a fresh hearing, ensuring that justice is not denied by rigidly enforcing finality. Furthermore, they should rely on authoritative precedents and statutory provisions to guide their reasoning and maintain consistency. Lastly, while upholding Res Judicata, judges should always consider the broader principle of equity and natural justice, ensuring that the doctrine is used to prevent abuse of the judicial process without obstructing genuine claims.
