To establish that Res Judicata applies, courts and lawyers follow a sequential approach: first, they confirm that the parties in both cases are the same or claiming under the same title; second, they verify that the cause of action and issues are identical and directly in question; third, they ensure that the earlier judgment was delivered by a court of competent jurisdiction; fourth, they check that the decision was final and conclusive; and fifth, they confirm that it was made on merits rather than on technical grounds. Finally, they rule out exceptions such as fraud, lack of jurisdiction, or new causes of action. This structured process ensures that Res Judicata is applied fairly, preventing repetitive litigation while safeguarding judicial integrity.
