In civil law, misjoinder of parties refers to the improper inclusion of parties in a legal proceeding—either by joining individuals who should not be part of the case or by combining parties whose interests or causes of action are unrelated. It occurs when plaintiffs or defendants are joined together without meeting the legal requirements of a common question of law or fact or arising out of the same transaction or occurrence. Misjoinder can be identified during filing or trial by examining whether the parties share a legitimate legal connection to the dispute; if not, the court may order the improper party to be struck out or direct separate trials to ensure fairness and procedural efficiency.
