Under the Code of Civil Procedure, “splitting of causes of action” refers to the improper practice of dividing a single cause of action into multiple suits instead of claiming all related reliefs in one proceeding. Governed by Order II Rule 2 of the CPC, it mandates that a plaintiff must include the entire claim arising from one cause of action within a single suit, failing which the omitted part cannot be pursued later. This rule exists to prevent piecemeal litigation, avoid harassment of defendants, and promote judicial efficiency by reducing repetitive claims. Courts apply this principle by examining whether both suits arise from the same essential facts or evidence; if so, the subsequent suit is barred, ensuring one comprehensive adjudication rather than fragmented proceedings.
