After the police register a First Information Report (FIR) in India, they begin the formal criminal investigation process as provided under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) and other applicable laws.
Key points:
Investigation begins: The police start collecting evidence, inspecting the crime scene, recording statements of witnesses, and gathering relevant documents or materials.
Examination of evidence: Depending on the nature of the offence, the police may conduct searches, seize relevant items, obtain forensic reports, or collect electronic evidence.
Questioning of persons involved: The police may question the complainant, witnesses, and the accused to ascertain the facts of the case.
Arrest (if necessary): In cognizable offences, the police may arrest the accused if the law permits and the circumstances justify such action. An arrest is not automatic merely because an FIR has been registered.
Filing of the final report: After completing the investigation, the police submit a final report to the appropriate Magistrate. This may be:
A chargesheet, if sufficient evidence is found to prosecute the accused; or
A closure report, if the evidence is insufficient or no offence is made out.
Court proceedings: If a chargesheet is filed, the court examines it and, if appropriate, proceeds with the criminal trial in accordance with the law.
